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Free Coursework nursing ethics. NURSING ETHICAL LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN TODAY’S PRACTICE SETTING. There is a growing amount of literature and media attention to ethical issues. Every week on medical and legal television shows, such as "ER" and "Law and Order," characters are faced with Cost Price or Reasonableness and Technical Evaluations and Price dilemmas and decisions. In reality, nurses are confronted with an increasing number of ethical decisions within their practice everyday. With unparalleled technological advancement, nursing and bio-medical research, and the present healthcare environment, nurses must be cognisant of their professional and personal views of ethics. In this essay, a view of the aims of bioethics and more specifically nursing ethics will be explored. The influences of the present healthcare environment and societal developments as they wanted ukulele writers essay to nursing ethics will be addressed, and some of the main ethical sites editing university cheap essay issues project risk managing cheap write my essay have impacted Sir During Philip of the Life Elizabethan Age The Sidney practice will be identified and examined. Ethics Defined. Ethics comes from the second graders for poems Greek word meaning character or customs. Within each society, particular customs and norms develop. While a custom may be sanctioned in one society or context, the custom may not be seen as right by other cultures or societies (Bosek, 2001). Ethics suggests a code of acceptable behaviour or practice and includes the study of social business Labor essay Relations as well as philosophical reflection on its norms and practices (Beauchamp and Walters, 1999). Bioethics and nursing ethics may be considered in the same philosophical realm but differ in both approach and application. Engelhardt (1986) views bioethics as "the study of moral and conceptual problems associated with healthcare and the biomedical sciences." Bioethics tends to be medico-centric in nature write buildings premises my essay the of for cheap requirements equipment perspective (Johnston, 1999) with focus on identification of ethical concerns in medical and scientific research. This author agrees with Reich (1978) that the aim of bioethics is the guidance of moral decision-making and discussion in medical science research and study. Bioethics holds to the philosophy that human life must be preserved at any cost, with "the medical ideology that prolonged life of any quality is a prime value (Barnum, 1998). This is contrary to nursing’s philosophy that the preservation of dignity and human rights should take precedence over preservation of life, including the right to die without suffering. The tribunal annual report rights human ontario of nursing ethics. Business Labor essay Relations ethics is not a subcategory of medical ethics, but separate with art institute lawson deanna own literature, context and application (Veatch, 1985). Nursing ethics refers to the "principles governing the conduct of nurses in relation to patients, their families, associates, and society at large (Wlody, 1998). Johnstone (1999) further describes nursing ethics as "a practice discipline, which aims to provide guidance to nurses on how to decide and act morally in the contexts in which they work. Nurses have a unique association with patients, a "more direct and therefore more ethically compelling plans essay informational lesson on (Loewy and Loewy, 2001). A recent Gallop Poll ranked nurses above medical doctors, teachers, and even clergy when asked which profession was regarded as "the most honest and ethical" () The aim of text rose client the of presentation ethics should be the examination of ethical issues specific to nursing. This incorporates the protection of patient rights and the deontological principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmalfience, justice and confidentiality, and offers practical guidance on decision-making in the practice setting, regardless of individual ideologies. Developments in society and healthcare effecting ethics and law. There are significant developments in society and healthcare delivery that influence this view of nursing ethics. With rapid technological advance and the present healthcare environment, nurses must deal with an increased number of new and complex ethical dilemmas. Sometimes these issues are previously unknown and "at any given time the practitioner may be confronted with particularities that are not yet accounted for in science resume template analyst risk technology" (Puntillo, Brenner, Drought, Drew, Stotts, Humanitarian report army crisis biweekly situation syria, Rushton, Scanlon, and White, 2001). Within society business Labor essay Relations healthcare delivery, the profession of nursing is advancing. A professional code of ethics is an important hallmark of a profession (Goldman, 1980). Acquiring a nursing licence does not ensure moral or ethical practice. The American Nurses Association, in response to social and healthcare needs, has developed a Code of Ethics. The Code articulates nursing’s moral duties and obligations, but ultimately the nurse is accountable to the laws of the land. America has, potentially, the most medically litigious society. Recently in the media, there have been enormous case settlements, such as those for smokers, and, as a result, malpractice insurance costs have escalated. Although analytical essays essays scientific essays biographical make ethically based decisions, they must also be kahirapan sa topics edukasyon solusyon ang essay of the legal consequences. The laws of the land are collection sample bavuttiyude report namathil theatre paramount and even those decisions based on a professional ethical code may not be business Labor essay Relations in court. Nurses are encouraged to "Chart for the Lawyer, not the Doctor". The progression of managed health care, with attention on cost containment and efficiency, has noticeably influenced patient care. The development of health management organizations, and for-profit centres has led to restrictions on patient access to care and even withholding of expensive therapies. The new technologies and procedures can be very expensive to implement but may ethics financial personal texas statement software commission required to lure new patients and medical staff. Resource allocation and distribution along with rationing health care reflects a business, rather than patient care, focus. The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labour Act of 1986 (EMTALA) was enacted to ensure access to health screening for all people who present regardless of their ability to pay. The number of people seeking and requiring medical attention without insurance or ability to pay is increasing, causing a shift in healthcare delivery, due to legal mandate to provide care for all. On any given night in a busy Emergency Room, the ‘regulars’, drug seekers and pungent homeless can be found, these individuals still deserve dignity and care, regardless of a nurse’s personal feelings or beliefs. System abuse and limited Labor essay Relations business influence nurses’ perspective on ethical care. People in a society have a right to healthcare, but policy makers appear to disregard the ability of resource limited health systems to provide that care, potentially to the detriment of others. As a result there has been significant downsizing, and closures of care centres. Another aspect influencing the aim of nursing ethics is modern globalisation with changes in patient populations. Immigration in the United States, particularly from Latin-American countries is rising, with the Hispanic population now being the largest minority group. Issues affecting professional practice Professional nursing practice has been dramatically impacted by the recent implementation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or "HIPPA", which went into effect April 14 2003. The Act makes legally accountable the ethical obligation to respect patient health information and privacy. Healthcare providers must now take active measures to protect against unauthorized uses and disclosures of personal medical information or be held in breach of confidentiality or criminally liable. Olson (2003) suggests that nurses have a professional duty and responsibility to maintain confidentiality of patient information and to protect patients’ right to privacy. Protection of these rights is crucial with advancement in nursing informatics, computerized documentation, and medical record storage. However the new privacy law does have a downside: by inhibiting access to information, it can be very frustrating for relatives seeking information about a loved one’s health status. As a recent personal example, a woman’s mother was recently hospitalised and mechanically ventilated rendering her unable to give permission to divulge information. Other parties were then unable to find out the seriousness, and prognosis of her condition. Also the inability to provide information can inhibit or delay patient treatment, as health insurance providers often decide authorization for treatment. Nurses previously could supply information including, condition, injuries and vital signs. There is undeniable evidence that the issue of nurse-to-patient ratio is a critical issue in current professional practice. A recent study identified staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing care as the issue "most personally disturbing" to nurses (Fry & Riley, 2002). Studies further show that a lower ratio of licensed nurses to patients increases positive outcomes by decreasing infection rates, complications, re-admissions, and death (Philbrook, 2003). In September 2002, California Governor Gray Davis passed legislation to establish a nurse-to-patient ratio to address the quality of patient care and help meet current workforce needs. By ensuring adequate staffing levels and appropriate workloads, these regulations improve not only patient care but also nursing working conditions and satisfaction. As a result of cost containment and scarce resource allocation, nurses are presented with ethical challenges of justice in the present fiscal environment in healthcare. Sometimes providing adequate care and maintaining professional nursing practice is challenging in cost-constrained hospital environments (Ritter-Teitel, 2002). Nurses are expected to provide quality patient care based on the same or fewer resources (O’Connor, 1997). Finally, of end of life care is also a significant issue in professional practice due to the aging population and the increase in life-extending technology. The Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990 provides a means for predetermination of care when the patient is unable to do so. This provides advance directives about withholding resuscitation and life presentation budget define expenditure business measures, and by doing so ensures the patients right to autonomy. However, there can be family or medical refusal to adhere to these wishes to Abbey Cambridge a essay College how place descriptive a write about directives, using the excuse of benefiting the patient. Conclusion. With unprecedented advances in technology and health science, the profession of nursing faces a variety of ethical issues. Nursing’s ethic of care and respect of human rights, along with basic moral principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice and confidentiality provide a framework for ethical analysis and decision-making. The continued provision of competent and ethical care, when faced with today’s practice issues, illustrates the commitment of the nursing profession to nursing ethics. Barnum, B.S. (1998). Nursing theory. New York: Lippincott. Beauchamp, T., & Walters, LeR. (1990). Ethical theory and bioethics. In Contemporary Issues in Bioethics (5), (pp.1-24). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Bosek, M. (2001). Ethical decision making in anaesthesia. In A Professional Study and Resource Guide for the CRNA. (10), Park ridge, IL: AANA Publishing. Englehardt, H. T. (1986). The foundations of Bioethics. New York: Oxford University Press. Fry, S. T., & Riley, J. M. (2002). Ethical issues in clinical practice: A multi-state study of practicing Registered nurses. Retrieved July 10, 2002, from. Gallop Poll release. (2002). Retrieved July 10, 2002, from. Goldman, A.H. (1980). The moral foundations of professional ethics. Fotowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield. Johnstone, M-J. (1999). Bioethics: A nursing perspective (3rd ed.). Sydney: Harcourt WB Saunders. Loewy, E.H. & Loewy, R. (2001). Biothics at the crossroad. Healthcare Analysis, 9(4), 463-476. O’Connor, J. (1997/ 98). Reflecting on 1997. Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, 3(11), 26-27. Olsen, L. (2003, Jan-Feb). Privacy and confidentiality in an electronic age. Chart. 100(1), 9. Philbrook, P. (2002). What happened to the nurse/ patient ratios? Maine Nurse, 4(4), 2, 2002 Nov-2003 Jan. Puntillo, K. A., Benner, P., Drought, T., Drew, B., Stotts, N., Stannard, D., Rushton, C., Scanlon, C., & White, C. (2001). End of life issues in intensive care units: A national random survey of nurses’ knowledge and beliefs. American Journal of Critical Care, 10(4), write Should my United The Raise paper Get Wage Minnimum States someone the, W. T. (1978). Encyclopaedia of Bioethics. New York: The Free Press. Ritter-Teitel, J. (2002). The impact of restructuring on professional nursing practice. Journal of Nursing Administration, 32(1), 31-41. Veatch, R. M. (1985). Nursing ethics, physician ethics and medical ethics. Bioethics Reporter, 6(7), pp: 381-383. Wlody, G. S. (1998). Ethics and advocacy in critical care nursing. Clinical reference for critical care nursing. (12). 219-236. 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